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From: TSS ()
In Reply to: Suspect BSE in Horse and SCRAPIE transmission to CHIMPS IN CONFIDENCE posted by TSS on April 24, 2007 at 7:42 am:
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES IN OTHER SPECIES (i.e. suspect horse) In my minute of 2 July, I informed the Parliamentary Secretary (Mr Maclean) that the horse which had first come to our attention in May as a possible case of spongiform encephalopathy was still alive and receiving veterinary attention. The Parliamentary Secretary asked to be kept fully informed of developments. At the beginning of October, having failed to show any signs of improvement, the horse was killed and taken to the Reading Veterinary Investigation Centre for examination. The brain was removed, fixed and sent to the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, for examination. The report now received indicates that no significant lesions were found. I CRAWFORD 10 December 1990 Miss D Kennedy, APS/Parliamentary Secretary (Mr Maclean) +1 cc: Private Offices Mr K C Meldrum Mrs E A J Attridge Mr D J Evans Mr K C Taylor Mr R Lowson Mr R Bradley, CVL 90/12.10/4.1 http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/12/10004001.pdf "The report now received indicates that no significant lesions were found." what the hell does that mean ??? is that it, end of story ??? where is the full report ??? reminds me of the hound study, find some very suspect mad dogs and they just drop the study when they knew what they had, canine spongiform encephalopathy. but confusious is confused again about something. why would you be concerned with handling hound brains, if there was no threat of TSE ??? ...tss 14. Professor Pattison said that he would be concerned about divorcing the Committee's recommendations from practice. He was worried about efficacy and thought that the change requiring the brain to be left in the skull was an improvement, but needed reassurance that there was security on spinal cord. Mr Eddy noted that, as part of the package of SBO changes, it had been decided that there should be a ban on the removal of spinal cord in knackers yards AND HUNT KENNELS because they were not subject to the same degree of oversight. ......... 28. Concluding, Dr Tyrrell said that there was a range of opinions in the Committee from those who thought further work a waste of time to those who wished to do limited further experiments using immunocytochemistry. The Committee did NOT suggest transmission studies and thought that the lack of clinical data was a major weakness. Hounds were initially studied on the recommendation of the Southwood Committee because they were perceived as a ''high risk'' population exposed to large quantities of potentially infective bovine tissues. Since then, however, a range of other species had been identified with TSEs, AND THE STUDY OF HOUNDS WAS THEREFORE LESS CRITICAL. ... http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/06/21005001.pdf NOW, let's look at some _confirmed_ TSE in other animals where no significant lesions were found. ...tss Veterinary Record, Vol 136, Issue 9, 211-216 Papers & Articles Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey. The associations between three major categories of the neurohistological diagnoses and the epidemiological data were examined in unconfirmed cases of clinically suspect bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The diagnostic categories were focal spongiosis of white matter (37 cases), encephalic listeriosis (13 cases) and no significant lesions (78 cases). An additional control category of 200 confirmed cases of BSE were included for comparison. Epidemiological variables were the frequencies of specific clinical signs, the season of clinical onset, the age, the duration of the clinical signs and the geographical origin of the cases. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the contribution of these variables to the distinction between the diagnostic categories. The analyses characterised the cases of listeriosis by their shortest clinical duration, the greater prevalences of certain clinical signs and their occurrence mainly in winter and spring, consistent with current understanding of the disease. Cases of focal spongiosis, a lesion of unknown significance, but potentially with a metabolic causation, were tentatively separable from cases with no significant lesions by their winter onset. The results also confirmed that among the categories, the cases of BSE had the longest clinical duration. Despite their statistical significance, the findings do not have sufficient predictive power to be of value in making clinical decisions. DIAGNOSIS OF BSE IN CATTLE SUMMARY SEAC members have noted their interest in the differential diagnosis, variations in phenotype and strain stability of BSE in cattle in view of phenotypic differences recorded in TSE infections in humans and in sheep. From the clinical suspect cases in cattle that are reported each year there is a proportion that are subsequently not confirmed as positive BSE cases. The aetiology of these nonconfirmed suspect cases includes a very long list of potential conditions and 40-60% of cases show no significant neuropathological lesions. Given these two observations and the limitations of veterinary clinical neurology Defra does not see a proportionate value in attempting to arrive at a definitive diagnosis for all non-BSE suspect cases. Notwithstanding this view, Defra would require the more detailed investigation of cases which may give rise to a suspicion of clinical or pathological BSE variant, when sufficient appropriate material is available. Efforts will also be maintained to optimise the clinical screening of suspect cases to reduce the number of unconfirmed cases. Work carried out by Defra (and previously by MAFF) on surveillance and testing of suspect cases during the course of the BSE epidemic in cattle has not found evidence for strain variation or change in the neuropathological or molecular characteristics of the disease. There is scope for applying more recently developed methods retrospectively to samples collected during the epidemic. The disease phenotype of BSE is defined on the basis of clinical signs and post-mortem neuropathology. The known phenotypic expression of all TSE diseases both clinically and pathologically involves the central nervous system. Defra therefore consider that it is appropriate to use clinical and case history together with post-mortem screening of changes in the brain as indicators for phenotypic variation of BSE in cattle. Phenotype discrimination can also be monitored by variations in PrPres molecular profile using advances in immunoblotting methods that have been developed in recent years. The focus of resources to these areas of activity is considered to be proportionate and appropriate for the monitoring of possible changes in BSE in cattle. ... snip... http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/88-3annex1.pdf Cases of scrapie with unusual features in Norway and designation of a new Abstract: Western blot analysis showed that the glycotype was different from other Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0042-4900 DOI (article): NO_DOI https://web01.aphis.usda.gov/regpublic.nsf/168556f5aa7a82ba85256ed00044eb1f/eff9eff1f7c5cf2b87256ecf000df08d Since 1986, scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in 19 captive wild animals of eight species at or from eight zoological collections in the British Isles. The affected animals have comprised members of the family Bovidae: one nyala (Tragelaphus angasi), four eland (Taurotragus oryx), and six greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), one gemsbok (Oryx gazella), one Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and one scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), and members of the family Felidae: four cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and one puma (Felis concolor). In addition, three cases of a spongiform encephalopathy of unknown aetiology have been reported in ostriches (Struthio camellus) from two zoos in north west Germany. Three features suggest that some of these cases may have been caused by the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). First, they have been temporally and geographically coincident with the BSE epidemic. Secondly, in all the ungulates for which details are available, it is possible that either the affected animal itself, or the herd into which it was born or moved, had been exposed to proprietary feeds containing ruminant-derived protein or other potentially contaminated material, and all the carnivores had been fed parts of cattle carcases judged unfit for human consumption. Thirdly, the pathological results of inoculating mice with a homogenate of fixed brain tissue from the nyala and from one greater kudu were similar to the results of inoculating mice with BSE brain tissue. http://veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com/cgi/content/abstract/135/13/296 http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/Seac10/tab06.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0750.htm ALSO, WITH BASE, see more severe lesions than with typical BSE ; GAH WELLS (very important statement here...TSS) HOUND STUDY AS implied in the Inset 25 we must not _ASSUME_ that snip... http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1991/01/04004001.pdf
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