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From: TSS ()
Subject: Suspect BSE in Horse and SCRAPIE transmission to CHIMPS IN CONFIDENCE
Date: April 24, 2007 at 7:42 am PST

Greetings,

I find this suspect BSE case in a horse interesting. However, I could never find the final results.
Also, I seem to see a pattern from Mr. Bradley. ...TSS

IN CONFIDENCE

Suspect BSE in Horse

The Parliamentary Secretary (Mr Maclean) will wish to be aware that, in making his differential diagnosis, a veterinary surgeon in the Reading area has included the possibility of BSE in a horse under his care. Athough it is unlikely to be BSE, because of the symptoms exhbibited the veterinarian believes that he cannot exclude the possibility. The case was brought to the notice of one of the veterinary staff at the CVL by the owner's veterinary surgeon and liaison is being maintained.

The horse in question is a five-year old eventing gelding which was purchased by the present owner about four months ago. Approximately two months after purchase the animal became a little apprehensive, developed mild nervous symptoms and became over-sensitive to noise. The nervous symptoms have increased and the horse is now practically impossible to ride. Investigations by the owner's private veterinary surgeon are continuing but it is likely that the animal will have to be destroyed.

If the horse should die or be destroyed, a full post-mortem examination will be required for insurance purposes and will probably be carried out at a non-Ministry laboratory. However, Mr. Bradley of the Pathology Department, CVL, has informed the private veterinary surgeon that he is willing to provide a second opinion on the brain histology if requested.

I will keep the Parliamentary Secretary informed of any further developments in the case.

I CRAWFORD
14 May 1990

Mr. M P H Hill, PS/Parliamentary Secretary
(Mr Maclean) - by FAX

cc: Private Offices - by FAX
Mr. K C Meldrum
Mrs E A J Attridge - by FAX
Mr. D J Evans
Mr. K C Taylor
Mr. R Lowson
Mr. R Bradley, CVL

(hand written notes to follow, hard to read...tss)

The Parliamentary Secretary (Mr. Maclean) was grateful for this. He said that we must keep very close ........on it, and when the horse dies, or put down we must be told immediately. He also feels it is very important ... our veterinary staff are included in the brain examination...........(the rest cut out......tss)

90/05.14/10.1

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/05/14010001.pdf

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/06/26009001.pdf

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/06/26010001.pdf

36. PMSG was used initially. This was followed by Porcine and Ovine FSH with a

small amount of Equine FSH, (HAP which is equine FSH, which is derived from

horse pituitaries). Human Menopausal Gonodotrophin (HMG), derived from

urine was used following work done by DeLauria and others in Italy largely

funded by Serono but because the demand in the human fertility field and the

expense and inconvenience of the packaging (small vials) was curtailed. It has

been launched in the last few years as a veterinary product under the name

Pergovet but is still very expensive and is reserved for occasional use.

37. As far as LH (Luteinising hormone) is concerned, as I have mentioned earlier

this has been used for the last forty years as a holding injection.

snip...

Paragraphs 3.3, 3.4 & 3.5 of Dr Maddocks’ original statement (WS No 467)

28. (bGH) (bovine growth hormone) was used for a short time in the USA. It was

never allowed in the UK not even the recombinant form is allowed, as it is in the

USA. No incidence of BSE was reported in the USA and they surely would now

be looking for it?

29. Pituitary FSH from pigs has been used in the USA prior to its use in the UK and

much more extensively there and Canada. There is no reported incidence of BSE

in either country.

30. Thousands of embryos were exported from this country to the USA prior to the

ban being imposed. No cases of BSE have occurred in the resultant progeny or

the surrogate mothers.

31. In the UK, two ET companies looked into and did use Porcine FSH collected

from slaughter houses and prepared in house by very experienced and qualified

individuals. In the second case an outside laboratory of good repute did the

extraction.

32. It was most definitely not a case of being a “cottage industry”. This FSH was not

sold to veterinarians or farmers but was distributed in a limited way to those vets

involved in ET.

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s537.pdf

The Premarin Menopause Drug is Made of Horse Urine

http://www.hihopes.com/premarin_info_p2.html

http://www.findings.net/supremarin.html

PLEASE NOTE, THESE ARE JUST A FEW MAD HORSE FEED RECALL, not enough room to list all. ...TSS

CVM Update
January 10, 2001

UPDATE ON RUMINANT FEED (BSE) ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

http://www.fda.gov/cvm/CVM_Updates/bseup.htm

RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE - CLASS II_______________________
PRODUCT
Red Cell, Iron Rich Homogenized, Yucca Flavored Vitamin-Iron-Mineral
Supplement for all classes of horses. For Animal Use Only. NET
CONTENTS: 1 GALLON. HORSE HEALTH Products, A Division
of Farnam Companies, Inc. PO Box 34820, Phoenix AZ 85067-4820,
Recall # V-002-2.
Redglo, EQUICARE (brand), Homogenized Energy Building Liquid Multi-
Vitamin Supplement for Horses. EQUICARE PRODUCTS, A
Division of Farnam Companies, Inc., PO Box 34820, Phoenix, AZ,
Recall # V-003-2.
CODE
All codes.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Farnam Companies, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, sent a recall letter dated
March 8, 2001, to all distributors via regular first class mail. Firm
initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
The products contain protein material derived from
bovine mammalian tissues; however, the bags are not labeled with the
required BSE cautionary statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
14,000 to 15,000 gallons.
DISTRIBUTION
Nationwide.

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2001/ENF00719.html

Non-Ruminant Custom Mix Feeds:
V-393-1 "40% Poultry Feed" manufactured with Buckeye 40%
Poultry Concentrate Crumbles, Item 12100
V-394-1 "40% Hog Feed" manufactured with Buckeye 40% Gro'Em
Lean, Item 20550
V-395-1 "Horse Premium Mixer" manufactured with Buckeye 32%
Premium Mixer Pellets, Item 38000
Code: All bulk custom mix feeds manufactured prior to April 20, 2001.
The customer invoices indicate the type of Buckeye supplement used in the
bulk feed.
REASON:
The bulk custom mix feeds were prepared with ruminant feed supplements
recalled by Buckeye Nutrition due to contamination with protein derived
from mammalian tissues. The non-ruminant bulk custom mix feeds were not
labeled with the required BSE caution statement "Do Not Feed to Cattle or
Other Ruminants."
MANUFACTURER/RECALLING FIRM:
Ferrin Cooperative Equity Exchange, Inc., Carlyle, Illinois
RECALLED BY:
The firm , by letter beginning on June 28, 2001.
FIRM INITIATED RECALL:
Ongoing.
DISTRIBUTION:
IL
QUANTITY:
169 tons of ruminant feeds and 27 tons of non-ruminant feeds

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 10,
2001.

####

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2001/ENF00714.html

RECALL NUMBER, PRODUCT AND CODE:
Recall # Product
V-397-1 Hyland Floating Fishfood, in 50 pound bags
V-398-1 Endurance Plus Extrude Horse Feed, in 50 pound bags
V-399-1 Seminole Ultra Bloom Horse Feed, in 50 pound bags
V-400-1 Wheat Flakes, extruded product in bulk, not bagged
V-401-1 Corn Flakes, extruded product in bulk, not bagged
V-402-1 Capt. Crunch, extruded product in bulk, not bagged
V-403-1 Green Corn Puffs, extruded product in bulk, not bagged
V-404-1 Orange Corn Puffs, extruded product in bulk, not
bagged
V-405-1 Whole Kernel Corn, in 50 pound bags, unlabeled
V-406-1 Soybean Meal, in bulk, not bagged, unlabeled
ALL CODES
REASON:
The animal feed products may contain proteins derived from mammalian tissues.
The products are not labeled with the required BSE caution statement "Do Not
Feed to Cattle or Other Ruminants."
MANUFACTURER/RECALLING FIRM:
The Hyland Company, Ashland, Kentucky
RECALLED BY:
Manufacturer, by telephone on July 25, 2001, and letters on July 31, 2001.
FIRM INITIATED RECALL:
Complete
DISTRIBUTION:
KY, GA, NC, FL WV
QUANTITY:
568 tons

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR August 29, 2001.

####

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2001/ENF00708.html

MOOVING RIGHT ALONG HERE, lets follow Mr. Bradleys pattern ;

IN CONFIDENCE

TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEE'S

1. Kuru and CJD have been successfully transmitted to chimpanzees but scrapie and TME have not.
2. We cannot say that scrapie will not transmit to chimpanzees. There are several scrapie strains and I am not aware that all have been tried (that would have to be from mouse passaged material). Nor has a wide enough range of filed isolates subsequently strain typed in mice be inoculated by the appropriate routes (i/c, i/p and i/v).

3. I believe the proposed experiment to determine transmissibility, if conducted, would only show the susceptibility or resistance of the chimpanzee to infection/disease by the routes used and the result could not be interpreted for the predictability of the susceptibility for man. Proposals for prolonged oral exposure of chimpanzees to milk from cattle were suggested a long while ago and rejected.

4. In view of Dr. Gibbs' probable use of chimpanzees Mr. Wells' comments (enclosed) are pertinent. I have yet to receive a direct communication from Dr Schellekers but before any collaboration or provision of material we should identify the Gibbs' proposals and objectives.

5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severely would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I HAVE A VIEW THAT ALL THESE AGENTS COULD BE TRANSMITTED provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to RETAIN that hypothesis.

A negative result would take a lifetime to determine but that would be a shorter period than might be available for human exposure and it would still not answer the question regarding man's susceptibility. In the meantime no doubt the negativity would be used defensively. IT WOULD HOWEVER BE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE IF THE EXPERIMENT BECAME POSITIVE. We may learn more about public reactions following next Monday's meeting.

R. Bradley

23 September 1990

CVO (+ Mr Wells' comments)

Dr T W A Little

Dr B J Shreeve

90/9.23/1.1

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf

IN CONFIDENCE

CHIMPANZEES

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/26003001.pdf

12/10/76
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTE ON SCRAPIE
Office Note
CHAIRMAN: PROFESSOR PETER WILDY

snip...

A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie
A] The Problem

Scrapie is a natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow
and inexorably progressive degenerative disorder of the nervous system
and it ia fatal. It is enzootic in the United Kingdom but not in all
countries.

The field problem has been reviewed by a MAFF working group
(ARC 35/77). It is difficult to assess the incidence in Britain for
a variety of reasons but the disease causes serious financial loss;
it is estimated that it cost Swaledale breeders alone $l.7 M during
the five years 1971-1975. A further inestimable loss arises from the
closure of certain export markets, in particular those of the United
States, to British sheep.

It is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and
for that reason alone effective measures to control it should be
devised as quickly as possible.

Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether
scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the
disease has been transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid
speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie,
kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of
mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of
Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit
scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed
for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)"
The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie
produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human
dementias"

Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be
transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety
of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action
such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the
acrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer
grievously.

snip...

76/10.12/4.6

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf

1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8

Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates.

Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC.

Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation.

PMID: 6997404
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract

Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518

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